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Lack of clear goals — Overall goals of projects often are not clear and /or stated, which leads to <br /> process failures, delays or uniformed decisions. The project goals guide the design and <br /> planning processes. When the goals are not clear, projects might seem inconsistent, disjointed, <br /> or the variation in the model to complete projects increases. Additionally, the lack of clear goals <br /> increases the complexity of the decision - making processes. To deal with the complexity, staff <br /> may look to a specialist with a limited perspective to make a decision. This issue was <br /> identified as a driving force. <br /> Lack of clear roles and responsibilities — Roles and responsibilities often are not clear for <br /> projects and processes for long versus short term project owners; project leads, and other key <br /> individuals, which leads to confusion for staff and service users. In addition, the lack of clear <br /> roles and responsibilities create confusion regarding the level of authority that staff has to guide <br /> its efforts, for example, decisions might be made by people who are not suited to handle the <br /> issue, which can create conflicts. <br /> Lack of communication skills and methods — Staff might not know when it is appropriate to <br /> share information with other individuals and groups, which leads to confusion regarding projects <br /> goals, requirements, specifications and decisions. Additionally, this issue leads to increased <br /> variation in how projects and processes are managed and administered. This issue was <br /> identified as a driving force. <br /> High degree of specialization leads to narrow focus — Communication can be inhibited by <br /> the high degree of specialization because staff might have a narrow scope of work or definition <br /> of responsibilities. Because staff might not want to communicate issues or constraints beyond <br /> its perceived boundaries, issues may not get identified or communicated to others involved in an <br /> activity, process or project. Sometimes when staff is overwhelmed by its workload or other <br /> factors, staff may narrow its work focus to the activities that it is most comfortable doing, which <br /> may or may not adequately address the needs of the project or work activity. The high degree <br /> of specialization leads to poor communication methods; increased project variation, and <br /> increased vulnerability to political factors. <br />