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_.j Management towards a healthy, diverse Promote Natural Recovery of Native native understory is the preferred option, Plant Communities ~ where the vegetation structure is defined In areas where invasive species are by multiple layers, sight lines, openings, dominant, and where conversion to upland etc. (see Figures 4 through 6). In Habitat prairie is desirable, the appearance of Units, reduction of dense vegetation and wholesale clearing during restoration is maintenance of a generally clear zone inevitable before dormant native species between 2' and T in height within at least are able to become established. The ',__3 10 feet of major trails and travel routes is "subtraction restoration" approach is not recommended (Figure 5). intended to prevent large areas of invasive species from being removed. However, Clearly, good judgment must be exercised plans should be in place at the time of in interpreting this recommendation. The removal for restoration over the short term, , purpose of this recommendation is reduce including erosion control. Generally, the perception of dangerous conditions restoration experts concur that where a along paths and trails in the park's natural native ecosystem has been taken over by areas. Legitimate park users will be more invasive plants, the native species return likely to frequent these trails if they feel safe, quickly once the invasive species are which in turn should reduce instances of removed. For example, local research is negative use. showing a 75% to 80% recovery rate of native species following the removal of Restoration Techniques dense English ivy cover. Recommended methods of aiding native species recovery The "Nudge"Approach include planting and scattering native seed, The "nudge" method is the preferred overall or planting small seedlings or cuttings of philosophyfor restoration and maintenance site-appropriate species. Locat research activities, whereby existing plant shows a 75°,o to 80°a - communities are moved incrementally Bird Migration Overlay Zone recovery rate of towards a more diverse and functional The shape of the Upland Prairie native plant species native ecosystem through subtraction Management Unit (H4) expands and following the restoration and the addition of appropriate connects the existing prairie remnants on removal of dense i species. This recognizes that a purely both the east and west slopes of the butte. English ivy cover " native ecosystem can not be realistically Since the key areas for attracting and maintained, nor can restoration occur harboring birds during their migratory ; i_ overnight. routes are on the south and north slopes of the butte, these areas are to maintain a Subtraction Restoration significant, native tree canopy in a roughly l"' Subtraction restoration is the favored hourglass shape (see Figure 7)). Openings, ~ approach to initiating restoration or edges, and large deciduous trees such as conversion of impacted habitats. Through maple, oak and madrone contribute to the subtraction restoration, elements of existing function of this area for many species of habitats are slowly subtracted to achieve migratory birds and recreational birding. ' a desired affect. The subtraction can occur This pattern is very general, and there may on a priority basis, for example with invasive be other areas of important bird habitat, or ~ species as the first to go. This technique areas that may benefit from enhancement t _ is preferred for reversing the effects of as bird habitat, outside of this overlay that succession, and allows progress to be need to be considered. ~ checked while meeting goals of "soft r' implementation" (see Viewshed Management Plan). , i F ~i II. 72 Chapter 5: Master Plan -