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Cumulative and Secondarv Impacts <br />• Secondary effects <br />- Impacts "caused by an action and are later in time or farther removed in distance <br />but are still reasonably foreseeable" (40 CFR 1508.8) <br />- Generally, induced by the initial action <br />- Include changes in land use, water quality, social conditions, economic vitality and <br />population density <br />• Cumulative effects <br />- Impacts which result from incremental consequences of an action when added to <br />other past and reasonably foreseeable future-actions (40 CFR 1508.7) <br />- Less defined than secondary effects <br />- Cumulative effects of an action may be undetectable when viewed in the individual <br />context of direct and even secondary impacts, but nonetheless can add to other <br />disturbances and eventually lead to a measurable environmental change <br />• Review other analyses conducted <br />• Consult with appropriate agencies and organizations <br />• Consider public and agency input <br />• Determine secondary and cumulative impacts <br />