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E ' C T 0 L <br /> Manual Removal <br /> • Mechanical Cultivation <br /> • Hul ches <br /> • Competitive Vegetation <br /> a. Adapted Turf grass Varieties � <br /> b. hardy, "non-exotic' shrubs/ trees <br /> c. ground covers <br /> d. vigorous annual flowers <br /> Cultural Practices <br /> a. avoid /minimize environmental stress <br /> b. adequate -waterjnutri c-ion <br /> c.. mowing heights /frequencies <br /> d. mi mumum A i sturbance <br /> e. renovation /rotation <br /> Environmental Manipulation <br /> a, underl ayment (cement, weed mat/mulch) <br /> b. <br /> cnicrocl imate manipul ation (irrigation /shading) <br /> c. design change <br /> t Chemical Control <br /> a. reemergence (low non - target exposure) <br /> b. postemergence (minimized by the above) <br /> 1) sot treatments (small scale/low-impact) <br /> 2) comprehensive p treatments (unusual) <br />